The parameters often vary, as students can work collaboratively on a variety of problems, ranging from simple math problems to large assignments such as proposing environmental solutions on a national level. A research study is being conducted of which questionnaires were sent to students in an asian educational institution of which twenty eight responded. Students exhibited more positive motivation and higher achievement after implementation of cooperative learning. This lesson will discuss the basic elements of cooperative learning, the benefits of using each element of cooperative learning in a classroom, and how a. Cooperative learning is an educational approach which aims to organize classroom activities into academic and social learning experiences. The groups should contain high achievers and low achievers. Rate from 1to10 the extent to which your group experienced the. The effects of cooperative learning on student achievement are debated. The fourth issue is to understand the flexibility and many faces of cooperative learning. This paper presents research findings into the implementation of cooperative learning in the classroom. The five basic elements needed to make cooperative learning work 1. These common features enhance the effectiveness of cooperative learning groups. Below is a guide that covers general principles and specific. Cooperative learning comprises instructional methods in which teachers organize students into small groups, which then work together to help one another learn academic content slavin, 2011, p.
Cooperative learning has been proven to be effective for all types of students, including academically gifted, mainstream students and english language learners ells because it promotes learning and fosters respect and friendships among diverse groups of students. When the five basic elements may be effectively implemented in formal cooperative learning situations formal cooperative learning may be used to structure most learning situations, informal cooperative learning situations informal cooperative learning. This paper suggests the use of live simulation game to practice principles of active and cooperative learning as one alternative way to improve learning and develop social skills in the classroom. Learn the five basic elements of a wellstructured cooperative lesson so that you never forget them for as long as you live. All healthy cooperative relationships have these five basic elements present. Five basic elements of cooperative learning penn state. Felder1, and rebecca brent2 1department of chemical engineering, n. Cooperative learning is the process of breaking a classroom of students into small groups so they can discover a new concept together and help each other learn. Collaborative learning refers to an instruction method in which learners at various performance levels work together in small groups toward a common goal. Teammates write three statementsproblemssentences with punctuationhistory factsetc two true. As a matter of fact, theyre fundamental elements of this type of learning.
During the design of lesson, it was used 5 ws 1 h technique what, where, when, why, who, how integrated with cooperative learning approach in order to develop that geographical skill. To quote the johnsons, cooperative learning groups have five essential elements positive interdependence, individual accountability, facetoface promotive interaction, social skills, and processing built carefully into every lesson to teach the students to learn well. Teammates try to find which of the three statements is the fiction. Cooperative learning structures cooperative learning can be used in for any type of assignment that can be given to students in lecture. This conceptual yardstick should define any cooperative relationship. Making cooperative learning work in the college classroom. Definition of cooperative learning students learning goals may be structured to promote cooperative, competitive, or individualistic efforts. To be considered collaborative learning, panitz and panitz explain that five elements must be present. A starting point for kagan cooperative learning gavin clowes he idea, which became the essential 5, came from a great friend and fellow national kagan trainer, rob jutras, and of course from dr.
Cooperative learning strategies employ many of the following characteristics and strategies in the classroom. Five elements of cooperative learning your text details five elements of cooperative learning cited from the work of johnson and johnson 2001. Department of mathematics the university of texas at arlington the university of texas at arlington. The cooperative learning lesson is at the heart of the johnson model. Cooperative learning involves structuring classes around small groups that work together in such a way that each group members success is dependent on the groups success. There are different kinds of groups for different situations, but they all balance some key elements that distinguish cooperative learning from competitive or. Students interact with each other in the same group to acquire. A teambased project where grades are based on the performance of the team. The teachers role in implementing cooperative learning in. Spencer kagan whose visionary ideas have done so much to. Elements of cooperative learning greatexpectations. Characteristics, elements, and benefits of cooperative learning. This chapter excerpt describes the salient elements of cooperative learning. Apr 19, 2019 cooperative learning is a teaching strategy classroom teachers use to help their students process information more quickly by having them work in small groups to accomplish a common goal.
Participants raise fingers from one to five to indicate their position. A working definition of cooperative learning is the use of small groups through which students work together to maximize their own and each others learning example. Cooperative learning groups can consist of two to five students, but groups of three to four are also effective. Individual and group accountability must be structured into lessons individual accountability. Five key elements differentiate cooperative learning from simply putting students into groups to learn johnson et al. Cooperative learning is a studentcentered, instructorfacilitated instructional strategy in which a small group of students is responsible for its own learning and the learning of all group members. The teachers role in implementing cooperative learning in the classroom provides readers with a comprehensive overview of the challenges and issues with clear guidelines on how teachers can embed. A learning exercise only qualifies as cooperative learning to the extent that the five listed elements are present. Evaluate the benefits of each element of cooperative learning.
The effects of cooperative learning on student achievement. Student attendance was analyzed before and during the implementation of cooperative learning. Cl is not simply a synonym for members working in groups. Finding a resource that explores cooperative learning is easy, but many ignore strategies for delivering the teaching approach. These elements serves as important guidelines to improve teaching and learning effects. In fact, the more diversity in a team, the higher the benefits for each student. The five basic elements of cooperative learning are.
Research finds that if teachers make the five elements discussed here part of group learning, students learn more, feel more successful, love school, and enjoy the subject theyre studyingand like and accept one another roseth et al. Collaborative learning refers to an instruction method in which learners at various performance levels work together in. Examine how to apply cooperative learning methods in the classroom. Positive interdependence a sense of sink or swim together 2. Cooperative learning is an instructional strategy that enables small groups of students to work together on a common assignment.
Cooperative learning involves more than students working together on a lab or field project. It was my goal to explore if cooperative learning had a. The idea of cooperative learning has been around for decades, but it never got to the same prominence as. Teachers should organize the three, four, or fivemember groups so that. Used properly, cooperative learning is an exciting way for all kids to learn. Cooperative learning 1 cooperative learning by andrew p. Although the above basic principles of cooperative learning do not change, there are several modifications and variations of the model. Collaborative learning stresses the social nature of learning and the need to train students how to work collaboratively in order to resolve conflicts, interact appropriately and actively involve all group members. These elements can be thought of as pieces in a puzzle. The smaller the size of the group, the greater the individual accountability may be. Making cooperative learning powerful educational leadership.
Brodyb adepartment of early and middle grades education, west chester university of pennsylvania, west chester, pa, usa. All the five essential elements of cooperative learning were involved namely, positive interdependence, facetoface interaction, individual accountability, social skills and group processing. It is only under certain conditions that cooperative efforts may be expected to be more. The effects of cooperative learning on student achievement abstract cooperative learning is when a group of students works together towards a common goal, usually to help one another learn academic material.
The essential elements of cooperative learning scott b. Ledlow 1999 has identified six areas to help design and develop successful cooperative learning teams. Despite this, the pedagogy is popular in classrooms across districts and grade levels, creating a need for tips and information that teachers can act upon. Checks to make sure everyones voice or ideas are heard. Johnson and colleagues 1990 pointed out 5 basic elements in cl. It requires teachers to structure cooperative interdependence among the students. Though there are more than five, but the most basic elements or pillars of cooperative learning are. Cooperative learning consists of five basic elements. There are also different types of cooperative groups appropriate for different situations. Restate its definition in your own words and write it down.
Cooperative learning is a teaching strategy classroom teachers use to help their students process information more quickly by having them work in small groups to accomplish a common goal. First to five quick structure to check participants level of support for a particular issue. Cooperative learning is the structured, systematic instructional technique in which small groups work together to achieve a common goal slavin, 1991. A working definition of cooperative learning is the use of small groups through which students work together to maximize their own and each others learning. Psychoed cooperative learning study guide by aohotnicky includes 18 questions covering vocabulary, terms and more. To be considered collaborative learning, panitz and. Find out what cooperative learning is and learn about its different elements.
The essential elements of cooperative learning in the classroom. According to johnson and johnson, there are five elements of cooperative learning. Cooperative learning, sometimes called smallgroup learning, is an instructional strategy in which small groups of students work together on a common task. Holubec and others identify five basic elements of cooperative learning. The implementation of cooperative learning in the classroom. Aug 05, 2009 five elements of cooperative learning. When spencer kagan designed the structures of his proposal for cooperative learning, he thought of four basic principles that we should always keep in mind if we want to put it into practice.
Facetoface promotional interaction helping each other learn, applauding success and efforts 3. In fact, these five elements distinguish cooperative learning from other forms of group learning. There are five fundamental elements involved in cooperative learning. Facetoface interaction david johnson and roger johnson 1999. There is much more to cooperative learning than merely arranging students into groups, and it has been described as structuring positive interdependence. These structures involve five key elements which can be implemented in a variety of ways. Getting started with cooperative learning although there are different approaches to creating cooperative learning cl teams, it is best to consider some characteristics which are essential to their success in the classroom. Nov, 2019 cooperative learning is an instructional strategy that enables small groups of students to work together on a common assignment. The leading developers of cooperative learning include robert slavin, roger and david johnson, and spencer kagan, all of whom have slightly different approaches and emphases. Mar 02, 2017 finding a resource that explores cooperative learning is easy, but many ignore strategies for delivering the teaching approach. Cooperative learning effects on the classroom by anthony r. Positive interdependence tasks and goals are clearly defined efforts of each team member benefits the individual as well as the group commitment is made to both personal as well as group success 2. In every classroom, instructional activities are aimed at accomplishing goals and are conducted under a goal structure.
Spencer kagan and cooperative learning exploring your mind. Whilst there is a wealth of existing research into both the benefits and the types of cooperative learning, it will examine the lack of evidence into how to put it into practice effectively. Quizlet flashcards, activities and games help you improve your grades. Cooperative learning is not simply a synonym for students working in groups. Five essential elements for cooperative learning described in the maa instructional practices guide james a. This is true of peer tutoring, partner learning, peer mediation, adult work groups, families, and other cooperative relationships. When all of these elements are present in a learning situation, the result is a cooperative learning group. The effects of cooperative learning on the academic.
Each member that is in the group is responsible for learning the information given, and also for helping their fellow group members learn the information as well. In order for cooperative learning to be effective, a teacher must incorporate its basic elements. Many students who have worked in a team in a laboratory or projectbased course do not have fond memories of the experience. It was not possible to determine the effect of cooperative learning on student attendance.